Interpol: Who are they?


Interpol stands for International Criminal Police Organisation and was formed in 1923. We often hear about this organisation when there is an international manhunt for a person or persons suspected of committing serious crimes such as murder, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, or drug trafficking. Last year, for example, an Interpol arrest warrant was issued for Samantha Lewthwale, in connection with the Kenya Mall bombing. Any Interpol member country is obliged to arrest this suspect if found within their territory. We tend to hear a lot about Interpol in cases like this but who exactly are the Interpol.

Many of us may have the assumption that Interpol is a force similar to the police or military. It has large stations similar to police stations or military barracks scattered across the world for dealing with criminal cases. Unfortunately none of these assumptions is true. Although the organisation has its headquarters in Lyon, France, Interpol has no separate offices like police stations or military barracks where officers can deal with only Interpol related criminal cases. Neither do Interpol members wear special uniforms distinguishing them from other state agents. In fact, Interpol members are not solely dedicated to pursuing Interpol causes. They may also be responsible for tackling local and national crimes within the state.

The police and other state security agents play a crucial role within the Interpol system. If they suspect the person they have in custody may have committed a crime somewhere, the police for example will search the Interpol database. The suspect will be detained further if it turns out that he or she has committed crime in another country. This ensures that the fugitive does not slip through the net and commit further crimes.

Looking at it from a broader perspective, Interpol simply consists of large information database submitted and accessed by member countries. Any member country can submit information such as an international arrest warrant for a fugitive to the system. Other member countries can access this information and help apprehend the crime suspect. Interpol members, however, are barred from submitting certain types of crime including political crimes, military crimes, religious crimes and racial crimes to Interpol.

A lesser version of the Interpol is the Europol. The Europol stands for European Police. Like the Interpol it is an information sharing database containing information about criminals and crime suspects. Unlike the Interpol, however, it operates only within the European countries. Thus, a non-European country cannot be obliged to honour a Europol arrest warrant for a criminal or crime suspect.

Returning to our initial question, Interpol consists largely of information database shared by member countries. Interpol members do not operate solely on their own but in collaboration with other state agents. Therefore, the organisation’s policies are indirectly shaped by member states.

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